Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins in the legs

Varicherosis is a scourge of our time.According to clinical research on the planet, about half of the entire population suffers from one or another form of pathological disorders of the circulatory-vascular system.Women, in their physiological characteristics, are more likely to disease.Its number is up to 40% of the total number of patients.While men are only in 20% of cases subject to this pathology of blood vessels.

Most of the time, people in the age group (30 to 40 years) and the elderly suffer from violation of venous blood circulation.The first disease affects the lower limbs.

Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins in the legs are closely interconnected and provide preventive blood vessel examination for the selection of appropriate therapy.

Clinical image

Venous blood flow dysfunction develops due to damage to perforating veins valves (connecting), overload and deformation.When the work of the deep (internal) arteries is disturbed, the bloodstream becomes chaotic, which leads to its ingestion and the formation of characteristic nodes.Not intended for the transport of such powerful blood flow, the thin veins are stretched, forming vascular balls and the notorious "snakes" blue (rolled veins, which appear on the surface of the skin).Such defects are clearly visible to the naked eye or in palpation of the place of destruction.

The varicose veins belong to progressive pathologies, which without timely treatment are full of healthy complications and disability.Incorrect blood reflux has different manifestations, depending on the severity of the state of patients with blood vessels, and is expressed through an increase in intellectual pressure and the appearance of excessive leg fatigue, swelling, feet and ankles, regular seizures.In advanced cases of varicose veins in places of vascular damage, it is possible to form wounds, ulcers and blood clots.

Varicosis is primary and secondary.In addition to the lower ends, the disease site is also the stomach, esophagus, pelvic organs, testicles, seed cords, penis, colon.In case of violation of deep vein blood flow, the pathology is quite difficult, leading to weakening the walls of blood vessels, expanding the internal cavity of the arteries and the transition from the disease to a chronic form (venous insufficiency).Therefore, the sooner the varicose veins are diagnosed, the greater the chances of recovery and the less the risk of pathological complications.

Because of what is formed

The causes of venous expansion are different factors.Conventionally, they can be divided into basic and secondary.The main sources of varicose veins are:

• Constant heavy physical effort;
• Long stay with a static position - sitting or standing;
• Adverse Environmental Conditions - For example, constantly high air temperature;
• Body weight fluctuations or chronic obesity;
• Hormonal imbalance - a period of pregnancy or menopause;
• Endocrine system diseases;
• The hereditary-tenetic predisposition, manifested in the characteristics of the structure of blood vessels, namely the congenital anatomical inferiority of venous valves and the weakness of the connective tissue of the arterial walls;
• Neuroses.

In addition, indirectly causing venous-vancular system dysfunction can:

1. Systematically repeated tensions that affect the state of the arteries and nerve endings, causing an increase in pressure and elasticity to increase;
2. Professional sports classes with the main emphasis on the lower limbs - raising the bar, the long run, etc.;
3. Wearing uncomfortable clothes and shoes - such a tight thing in pelvis and legs, narrow and tall shoes in the area;
4. Previously transferred lesions of the lower ends (fractures);
5. An elderly age, as a result of which the functionality of Fatas epithelial cells, contributing to the weakening of the vein walls, impaired valves and an increase in internal volume of arteries.

In history, the development of varicose veins, as a rule, is stimulated not by one but by a complex of factors.

Symptoms of the disease

Varicose veins may have a variety of manifestations that depend on the degree of complexity of the pathology and the physiological characteristics of the patient's body.According to the stages of varicose veins, the following symptoms of blood vessels are observed:

• Venous patterns or "stars" (tenngioectasia) on the skin;

• Swelling of the members, especially at the end of the day;
• Pain in the legs or along the veins when they are felt;
• Periodically repeated seizures;
• Fatigue, especially in walking;
• Visual manifestation of veins on the surface of the skin;
• Weight feeling in the legs;
• Burns in vein injury sites;
• Muscle itching;
• Pain of a different nature and pain;
• The formation of veins writhing in the area of legs and feet;
• Skin dermatological changes - the appearance of dryness, pigmentation, darkening;
• Development of dermatitis, eczema and trophic disorders in the form of non -healing wounds and ulceration;
• Skin compaction in varicose veins of progression;
• The formation of bruises.

Rarely, but sometimes it happens, the rupture of venous nodes and the occurrence of subcutaneous bleeding.In this case, the situation requires emergency medical assistance and surgical intervention.

Symptoms can manifest from adolescence.Developing imperceptibly, after a while the disease is made sense by a mass of unpleasant health consequences.If at least one is present from the above signals, an examination should be in progress immediately.Healing patients with phlegologist or surgeon.

Classification

Based on the decision of the international scientist community, the pathological expansion of the veins of the lower extremities is usual to systematize according to the special ceap classifier or clinical etatomy pathology.Based on this typology, varicose veins have 6 clinical stages:

1. Zero.Significant subjective subjective complaints are observed about some of the symptoms of veins varicose veins, but with visual examination and medical examination, obvious signs of the disease are still absent.
2. I Diploma.On the surface of the skin, small vascular networks, rare edema, weight, burning, a feeling of "tinnitus" in the legs appear.
3. II degree.It is considered the starting point of the true varicose veins.It is characterized by a distinct external manifestation of increased vessels, the formation of venous nodes that exacerbate after a long stay in a static state or tall walks.From this stage, thrombosis is observed.
4. III degree.The symptoms of the second group are accompanied by regular swelling, more noticeable until the end of the day and pain, painful in calves.
5. IV.Trophic changes in the skin are observed.Due to excessive accumulation in the pigment epidermis, the skin begins to change its dark brown to black.It is also possible to develop small local inflammation in the form of erythema or wet wounds, leading over time to dermis and ulcers atrophy.
6. V degree.It has the same course as the fifth stage, but with the trophic ulceration acquired.
7. VI.It is characterized by severe progression with the formation of non -animated wounds and ulcers.

The varicose veins are severe.Without timely treatment and constant prevention, it quickly progresses and leads to irreversible consequences and serious consequences to death.Only 10 years are enough to make a diagnosis of varicose veins, so that the pathology of the 1st stage develops in Vi-YU.

Complications

The effect of varicose veins on the body is extremely negative.If at first, the disease does not manifest itself at all, causing only rare discomfort and insignificant cosmetic defects;Then, in later stages, the pathology becomes a pronounced character and leads to serious consequences for long -term health.Changes occur at a deeper level, affecting the entire functional system of the body.

Thus, as a result of the disturbance and stagnation of venous blood reflux in the arteries, access to saturated blood supply with oxygen to tissues and organs decreases, causing oxygen hunger and, as a result, hypoxia.At the same time, pressure within the arteries grows, expanding and increasing venous canal vessels in volume.In the body, toxins, by metabolism producers, begin to accumulate in the body, causing inflammation everywhere in the skin (dermatitis) and the pathological condition of subcutaneous tissue (cellulite).On the walls of the little ones, irreversible changes occur.

The greatest danger of varicose veins is its complications manifested against its antecedents.The most frequent and common consequences of impaired reflux are:

• The swelling of the lower extremities, which becomes constant and does not pass even after a long rest;
• Static pain in the legs of different intensity;
• Graces of muscle cramps, increasing at its frequency;
• Constant fatigue and weight in the legs;
• Increased weakness and body temperature;
• The development of dermatitis, manifested in the form of an itching eruption;
• Chronic skin inflammation (eczema);
• The formation of open trophic ulcers;
• Severe arterial bleeding during injury due to impaired blood coagulation;
• Thickening (accumulation) in places of stretching blood veins and the formation of blood clots, clogging the inner space of a sick vessel;
• Phlexible;
• Subcutaneous fat tissue thickening;
• Skin hyperpigmentation;
• Bleeding of varicose veins;
• Tromboflebitis - inflammation of the internal walls of the veins.

Without proper treatment, pathology constantly progresses and enters a permanent state, causing chronic venous insufficiency and pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. The latter refers to extremely serious complications and is full of sudden death.But even in an unlawful situation, varicose veins are huge, significantly reducing the overall quality of the patient's life.

Pathology in Men

The pathology of veins has no gender.However, according to pathogenesis, the disease is conditionally divided into male and female varicose veins with its own specifics of formation and development inherent in each of them.Thus, the characteristics of male physiology do not contribute to the formation of representatives of the strong half of humanity's problems with the veins, but there are several favorable factors to this.Among them:

1. Hard physical work or professional sports associated with wear or lifting of the load;
2. Sedentary lifestyle;

3. MAn Nutrition;
4. Genetic trend;
5. Prolonged use of hormonal drugs;
6. Bad habits.

Varicosis develops in men more often at age 40 and is accompanied by increased fat from legs, legs, visible edema, venous pattern on the surface surface, frequent seizures and itching skin by allergic dermatitis.In some advanced cases, blood clots and vascular infection are possible.And if, at first, the disease is invisible, over time its manifestations will become obvious.But the main changes occur within the veins, whose walls are so weakening that anyone, even insignificant, in them, the effect of toxic substance or infection causes their damage.The technique of treatment of varicose veins in men is the same as in women and has no specific characteristics.

PATHOLOGY IN WOMEN

The beautiful half of the population suffers from varicose veins several times more than men.Favorable factors for this are:

• Wear high or selected shoes not according to the size and fullness of the leg;
• Pulling excessively tight adjustment clothes that prevent normal blood circulation;
• The work that requires all day standing is a seller, administrator at the reception, hairdresser, teacher, cook, etc.;
• Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, childbirth and restructuring related to body age (menopause);
• Weight Experiments - Frequent fluctuations in body weight, extreme diets intended for sharp weight loss, uncontrolled ensemble of extra pounds.

These are women who are frequent patients of phlegmony and cosmetologists.In an effort to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the skin as long as possible, women are more responsible for the treatment of varicose veins than men and achieve visible improvements in the clinical state of the arterial system.

Given the increased natural tendency to varicose veins, the appearance of symptoms such as swelling of the legs, excessive legs, itching the skin and burning sensation, manifestation of small vessels and venous pattern should seriously alert a woman and become a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

Disease diagnosis

To make a precise diagnosis of varicose veins, in addition to determining the degree of gravity, special research methods are used.The standard examination scheme when accessing a phlebologist is the following procedures:

1. Anamnesis collection of the disease, which establishes possible factors and causes of risk;
2. Visual examination of the patient changing the last position, as well as palpation of vein injury sites;
3. Laboratory blood test;
4. Ultrasound -colored duplex synography of the inferior ends arteries, which allows correctly a medical opinion, measure the speed and direction of the blood flow, elaborate a map of its movement, obtain a characteristic and clear image of the blood vessels;
5. X vascular radius (phleepography) using a contrast matter to determine the appearance and shape of the veins, the functional capacities of the valve and the direction of the blood flow.

Often, these research methods are sufficient to determine the exact clinic, however, in certain cases, they use the use of additional diagnostic methods:

• Three -dimensional CT (computed tomography) with phlegography;
• Photlletismography, which provides the use of infrared and light radiation from a phototorresistor or phototransistor;
• Foeoscintography based on the use of radionuclide and phlegmometry isotopes, dynamic examination of venous pressure from the lower extremities;
• Lymphoscintigraphy shows the condition and degree of change in lymph nodes.

The need to use a specific diagnostic method is established by the doctor based on the complexity of the situation and individual clinical indicators of the patient.

An opportune and competent research method allows you to determine the position of the superficial and deep veins and form a precise scheme of the therapeutic course according to the indicators.

Conservative treatment

In the early stages, varicose veins are reversible and, with a responsible approach to treatment, are completely eliminated.In other cases, to combat expanded veins, they resort to conservative therapy using medications, intravenous corrective medications and special compression linen.Each type of treatment has its own indications for appointment and details of exposure to the sick body.

1. Drug therapy.It implies oral use during a certain period of phlebotopic drugs - phlebotonic, anticoagulants and antioxidants - contributing to the strengthening of blood vessels and reducing their fragility, better blood tuning and normalization of blood flow, eliminating accumulated toxic substances from the body.For local treatment, tonic, painkillers, are used and removed and removing edema from gels and ointments.In addition, B vitamins are introduced into the therapeutic complex, K, etc.The decision on the duration of treatment is made according to the results of the diagnosis and nature of the dynamics of the disease.
2. Artery Sclerotherapy.The method involves the use of special medications acting by gluing the affected varicose veins inside.As a result, reflux is stabilized and is already held on healthy vessels.The procedure is performed invasive by the intravenous administration of the solution.It is prescribed with a certain state of blood vessels and small sizes of venous nodes.
3. Ozonotherapy.It is part of cosmetic medicine and consists of the influence of a cold ozone vessel in the inner space of the vessel in order to glue the place of the defect.In addition, the method is actively used to remove the non -aesthetic vascular mesh from the surface of the skin.Effective at the early stage of the disease.To achieve the desired result, only a few procedures are sufficient.
4. Compression therapy.It consists of using special medical linen that creates pressure of various intensity on different parts of the legs, which in turn helps reduce the load in the veins and restore blood circulation.The constant use of corrective underwear protects ships from stretching and development of thrombosis.As intended, compression clothing is preventive (minimal compression force), therapeutic (used only during venosis exacerbation) and hospital (used in the post -operative period in the hospital).It is produced in the form of tight pants, socks, golf and an elastic bandage.The choice of compression linen is performed only on the recommendation of a doctor.

These methods of therapy are highly effective in non -complicated forms of lower extremity varicose veins and help eliminate pain, reduce swelling, improve the valve system, increase blood flow tone, normalize blood flow, and prevent the development of negative disease consequences.

Surgical methods of exposure to expanded veins

The operation for varicose veins is performed only in extreme cases, when a deep injury of the veins is diagnosed with concomitant complications.The indications for the appointment of surgical intervention are:

• Noticeable aggravation of pathology;
• Thrombophlebitis development;
• Visible expansion of subcutaneous veins;
• Strong swelling and fatigue from the lower ends;
• Pathological violation of reflux.

The operation under general anesthesia is performed using modern surgical techniques, such as:

1. Radio -span frequency of blood vessels.Restoring the structure of the veins from within using the disposable catheter and automatic radio wave generators.
2. Endidical thermal occlusion with Paypules (SVS).The impact on the vessels of the abundant flow of heated vapor.It allows to penetrate the more inaccessible areas of the venous canal and directly influence the deformed vessels.
3. Vein laser coagulation.It involves using a laser beam directed at a sick vein.The procedure leaves no cuts, burns and scars.
4. The technique consisting of gluing the blood vessel valves with special biological glue.
5. Varadi method.The most complex treatment method involving the removal of the affected vessel.Thanks to 100% of efficiency, it is one of the priority methods of neurosurgery.

Despite the high effectiveness of surgical treatment, it usually occurs in combination with conservative therapy methods.This approach allows you to speed up the recovery process and safely correct the result.

Rehabilitation period

During the recovery period and in the future, a competent rehabilitation program helps in the fight against lower extremity varicose veins, including periodic drug therapy, as well as compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the implementation of therapeutic gymnastics.

In addition to the physical education of the sanatorium, a patient diagnosed with varicose veins, regardless of the development stage and rehabilitation period, to improve blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation in the veins, is useful for wearing corrective medical underwear.

Preventive recommendations

To reduce the risk of developing vein pathology, it is sufficient to adhere to the simple but effective tips:

• Try leading an active imageIt even lives with static work - move more, periodically change its position, make short breaks for gymnastics or rest;
• Do not throw one leg in the leg during the seat;
• Do not use things strongly squeezing things;
• Refuse high shoes or put them from time to time;
• Treat chronic circulatory disorders, especially hemorrhoids;
• Like sports hobbies, choose bicycle walks and swimming;
• For the rest, put your legs above heart level;
• Review the energy system and include useful products in the diet;
• Control your weight and try to keep it in constant size;
• Abandon bad habits - smoking, alcohol, abuse of fatty foods, etc.;
• Take a bath of contrast;
• Use a large amount of liquid during the day - 1.5 to 2 liters;
• Avoid long run stay in the sun.

Applying these simple recommendations will not only help slow down varicose veins and alleviate unpleasant discomfort at the lower ends, but will also alert its appearance in the future.

The treatment of varicose veins has a variety of revisions, depending on the complexity of the diagnostic and therapy method.

"I found varying veins during pregnancy. I didn't take anything to childbirth. But after taking emergency measures. I treated the veins with ointments and pills, as the situation was not catastrophic. Now I am periodically examined by a phlebologist. There is no deterioration yet."

"I learned about the varicose veins thanks to the sport. Regular loads did not go unnoticed and spilled in the progressive varicose veins of the left leg. The usual treatment did not help, I had to do the operation. I was very afraid, but now I was happy to have agreed. I did not start the sick pain.